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An amino acid that is crucial for the oxidation of fats to generate energy. L-carnitine functions as a carrier for the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria, the "energy furnaces" of the cell. The synthesis of L-carnitine in the body requires 2 essential amino acids (lysine and methionine), B1, B6, and iron. Diets low in lysine, such as a strict vegetarian regimen, may deplete carnitine levels. Carnitine is a "semi-essential" nutrient, in that its synthesis in the body is complex and may be hindered in persons who are nutritionally compromised.
It is important to note that carnitine supplementation may benefit exercise performance in disease states. Patients with chronic renal failure and peripheral vascular disease have been reported to increase their exercise capacity after treatment with carnitine. In both conditions, muscle carnitine content was shown to be increased with long-term supplementation, although the specific mechanism for any effects of carnitine in these disorders has not been defined. Carnitine supplementation has also been suggested to be beneficial in treating chronic fatigue syndrome .